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230 - The Efficacy of Combined Vitamin D3 and K2 Supplementation in Post-menopausal Bone Mineral Density Retention: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Friday, February 28, 2025

5:00 PM - 6:30 PM MST

Presenting Author(s)

VR

Valerie Rome, BA

Third Year Medical Student
Rowan-Virtua SOM
Voorhees, New Jersey, United States

Co-Author(s)

JL

Justin Le, BS

Medical Student
Rowan-Virtua SOM
Bronx, New York, United States
AR

Anish Rana, BA

Medical Student
University of Rochester Medical Center, Strong Memorial Hospital
Glen Mills, Pennsylvania, United States
KM

Kanad Mukherjee, DO, MPH, CAQSM

Assistant Professor/Department of Family Medicine
Rowan-Virtua SOM
Sewell, New Jersey, United States

Objectives: The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the impact of combined vitamin D3 and K2 supplementation on bone mineral density (BMD) in post-menopausal women. Prevention of osteopenia/osteoporosis in post-menopausal women often begins with supplementation of either vitamin D3 or K2. While both vitamins have demonstrated efficacy in maintaining and improving BMD in postmenopausal women with osteopenia or osteoporosis individually, the potential benefits of their combined use in the form of D3/K2 remain an area of interest.

Design: This systematic review adhered to PRISMA 2020 guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. A boolean string was utilized to search the 5 major databases: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane, and Web of Science. The initial search resulted in 541 studies, 191 after duplicates were removed, 15 for full text approval, and 7 studies for final inclusion. Included studies were controlled trials that assessed combined vitamin D3 and K2 supplementation in postmenopausal women. The primary outcome measure was lumbar spine BMD following 1 year of treatment.

Results: BMD was compared among post-menopausal women who were treated with a combination vitamin D3/K2 supplement and a placebo control. BMD was measured at the lumbar spine after 1 year of treatment. The meta-analysis of lumbar BMD measurements from multiple controlled trials pre- and 12 months post intervention revealed a significant advantage in post-menopausal BMD retention, as demonstrated by a p-value of < 0.05 and an effect size of Cohen's D = 0.2.

Conclusions: These findings provide support for combined administration of vitamin D3/K2 as an effective treatment for sustaining BMD in post-menopausal women. Therefore, further research could investigate the therapeutic potential of combined vitamin D3/K2 supplementation for the prevention or treatment of osteopenia, osteoporosis and other bone-related disease processes.