419 - Challenges of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in underdeveloped countries: Case Report

A 71-year-old male with an unknown medical history initially presented with generalized myalgias four years prior. He self-medicated with diclofenac and did not seek medical care. Over the past year, he developed progressive widespread muscle spasms, weight loss, muscle weakness affecting his gait and grip strength, swallowing difficulties, and episodes of reduced consciousness. Upon admission to the neurology department, he was initially diagnosed with a subacute ischemic cerebrovascular accident (CVA), which necessitated advanced airway management. Further investigations, including electromyography and nerve conduction studies, led to the diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

Discussions: ALS is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that possess significant challenges for both society and medical institutions. Delayed diagnosis is a mayor issue, often due to gradual onset of symptoms and the need to exclude other conditions. This delay leads to patients seeking treatment only in advanced stages of the disease, complicating management and diminishing the effectiveness of interventions.

Conclusions: Prompt recognition and response to ALS symptoms are crucial. Early diagnosis enables more effective managements, improves quality of life and potentially extend survival. Increased awareness among healthcare professionals and general population about the early signs of ALS is essential to reduce diagnostic delays.